📖 Quick glossary

• Symbolic AI / Expert system: AI based on IF…THEN rules written by humans.
• Machine Learning: the machine learns rules from examples, without being told them.
• Deep Learning: Machine Learning using “deep” neural networks. Took off in 2012 (AlexNet).
• Transformer: the 2017 architecture underlying modern LLMs.
• LLM (Large Language Model): generative text AI that predicts the next word.
• Product vs model: the application (ChatGPT) vs the “engine” inside (GPT-5.5), which changes version.
• Hallucination: a wrong but confidently stated answer; a structural consequence of “plausible before true.”
• ANI / AGI / ASI: narrow (today) / general (debated goal) / super-intelligent (hypothetical) AI.
• RPA / IPA / APA: blind / AI-assisted / autonomous (agentic) automation.